TOEFL Practice Test
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Table of Contents
Section 1: Listening…………………………………………………………….. 3
Listening: Part A………………………………………………………………. 3 Listening: Part B………………………………………………………………. 7
Section 2: Structure …………………………………………………………… 15 Section 3: Reading…………………………………………………………….. 18 Answer Key……………………………………………………………………… 30
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Section 1: Listening
The Listening section of the test measures the ability to understand conversatio ns and talks in English. Answer all the questions on the basis o f what is stated or imp lied by the speaker s you hear. Do not take notes.
Listening: Part A
In this part you will see sho rt co nversations between two people. Cho ose the best answer to each question. Answer the questio ns on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers.
1. Woman: Pardon me. Do you know what time that this store opens?
Man: I do not, but I believe that it is written o n the door. Narrator: What does the man imply that the woman should do ? a. Look on the door b. Open the door c. Ask someone else d. Come back later
2. Wo man: I am going to buy Johnny a toy train for his birthday.
Man: Are you sure he’d like one? Narrator: What does the man imply? a. Johnny loves to y trains b. Johnny already has too many toy trains c. Johnny said he wants a toy train d. Johnny may prefer so mething else
3. Man: I need some shampoo for my hair.
Wo man: All of the shampo o is in the back o f the store on the third shelf. Narrator: What will the man probably do ? a. Walk out of the store b. Buy the shampoo c. Come back later d. Go to another store
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4. Man: Are you go ing to go to the University o f Texas to get your Doctorate?
Wo man: I do n’t think so. Man: Why, have you been accepted to any other schools? Wo man: Yes, I have received news of acceptance fro m LSU, University of Tennessee, and Harvard. Narrator: What are the speakers d iscussing ? a. The University of Texas b. Schools with Doctorate programs c. Where the woman will go to school d. Who can get accepted to the most schools
5. Man: I ’m really tired on studying for economics every weekend.
Wo man: I hear you. Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. She has excellent hearing b. She has hear d the man talk about this frequently c. She understands his po int of view d. She needs to have her ears checked
6. Man: We are going to get ice cream. Wo uld you like to come with us?
Wo man: I am waiting for a package to be delivered. Narrator: What does the wo man imp ly? a. She does not eat ice cr eam b. She has no money c. She does not like packages d. She will not be going
7. Wo man: Are you go ing to go to the ball game?
Man: You bet! Narrator: What does the man mean? a. He will p lace a wager on the ball game b. He will definitely go to the ball game c. He likes to gamble d. He does not like ball games
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8. Man: That’s a nice car.
Wo man: I got it almost four years ago. Man. It lo oks brand new. Wo ma n: Yes, it ’s i n go od shape . Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. The woman need s a new car b. She likes to exercise c. She has a new car d. The car is in go od condition
9. Man: Did you get you movie passes?
Wo man: I spoke to yo ur secretary about it, and she took care of it fo r me. Narrator: What does the man mean? a. The secretary was responsib le for getting the mo vie passes b. The are no mo vie passes c. He has the movie passes d. The movie passes are in the mail
10. Man: How do you like living in America?
Woman: I am used to it know. Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. She has always liked living in America b. She hates living in America c. She is accustomed to liv ing in Amer ica d. She would rather live in Amer ica
11. Woman: Marie sure likes shopping.
Man: I f only she liked doing homework as well! Narrator: What does the man imply about Marie? a. She is ver y likeable b. She does not put much effort into her homework c. She goes to the mall everyday d. She has a lo t of homework
12. Man: I thought I was suppo sed to perform the experiment in Roo m 45.
Woman: No. Ticket 45 is in Room 54. Narrator: What will the man probably do ? a. Go to Room 54 b. Go to Room 45 c. Buy a ticket d. Go home
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13. Man: Did you know that Tracey and Bo b are back from their honeymo on to Las
Vegas? Wo ma n: So the y d id get marrie d afte r al l. Narrator: What had the woman assumed about Tracey and Bob? a. They were still in Las Vegas b. They would not get marr ied c. They had a spectacular wedd ing d. They hate Las Vegas
14. Man: Do you usually take a nap?
Wo man: I do no w and then. Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. She occasionally takes a nap b. She always takes a nap c. She never takes a nap d. She used to take a nap
15. Man: Can yo u believe it? I got an A o n my Finance exam
Wo man: Way to go! Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. She is asking where to go b. She wants him to leave her alone c. She is congratulating him d. She think s he is a liar
16. Man: How did the job interview go?
Wo man: I could not have been mo re pleased. Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. The interview went very well b. The woman did not like the interview c. The interview was cancelled d. The interview went terrible
17. Man: Do you mind if I turn o n some music for a while?
Wo man: No, I don’t mind. Narrator: What does the wo man mean? a. Music will no t bother her b. She hates listening to music c. She wants to think harder d. She does not have any mu sic
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Listening: Part B
In this part you will see several longer conversations and talks. Yo u should answer each questio n o n the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the co nversatio n o r talks. Narrator: Listen to a lecture by a bio logy instructor.
Many people think of go rillas as dangerous killers. One reason for this is that
televisio n and movies o ften show these animals this way. But gor illas ar e really gentle animals.
The gorilla is a vegetarian. It lives in the African rain fo rests where it finds the
fruits and p lants it needs to survive. A large, wild gorilla might eat over 40 pounds o f leaves and fruit in one day.
Unfor tunately, these peaceful creatures are in danger o f becoming extinct. Each
year, large areas of the rain fo rests are being cut down. Because there is less and less food from these forests, the nu mber o f wild go rillas is becoming smaller and smaller.
18. The passage describes gorillas as being:
a. Dangerous killers b. Carnivores c. TV and mo vie stars d. Gentle animals
19. Accord ing to the passage, why are go rillas in danger?
a. Because peo ple keep hunting them. b. Because they eat too much. c. Because forests get too much rain. d. Because their food supply is being destroyed.
20. If so mething is beco ming extinct, it is:
a. Becoming lively. b. Dying out. c. Growing wild. d. Getting sick.
Narrator: Listen to the co nver sation between two graduate students. Wo man: What did yo u think abo ut the assig nment we were suppo sed to comp lete for our statistics class? Man: I haven’t do ne mine yet. Is it difficu lt? Woman: Kind of. It was full of problems. Man: Derivative problems? Wo man: Not really, More a review o f the whole semester. Man: Oh. Woman: It was time consuming. Man: Really?
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Wo man. Yes. I started it at abo ut lunch time and didn’t finish it until supper. Man: I ’m surpr ised at that. Wo man: I was too, I did no t expect our pro fessor would give us so much. Man: He usually doesn’t. Woman: I know. That is why I was surprised. Man: Well, I do have some free time this afternoon. Do you know when it is due? Wo ma n: T omorrow. Man: Well, I better get moving.
21. What was on the assignment?
a. Derivative problems b. A review of the who le semester c. What was fo r lunch d. A surprise
22. What did the students find surpr ising ?
a. The length o f the assignment b. The problems c. Lunch d. The professor
23. What did the woman start at lunchtime?
a. The assig nment b. Derivative problems c. Eating d. A surprise
24. What will the man probably do next?
a. Eat supper b. Move out c. Complete the assignment d. Ask the woman to supper
Narrator: Listen to part of a conversatio n between a student and a clerk in a college bookstore. Man: I need to bu y an basic Eng lish textbook. Wo man: Okay. What is the cour se number? Man: You mean there is more than one Woman: Sure. We offer Poetry, Writing, and Literature. Man. If I take Poetry will we write sonnets? Wo man: Not r eally. The Poetry class is very basic rhyming. Man: Great. That is what I wanted to hear. How much is that one? Wo man: It’s twenty-nine dollar s, plus a ten-do llar notebook fee. Man: Wait a minute, can’t I just use my own notebook. Wo man: Most students prefer the special poetry noteboo k, so we made it a requirement.
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Man: Okay. I’ll take one Poetry book and notebook. Do you take credit cards? Wo man: Yes, but you do n’t have to pay now. Just fill out this form and we will bill you. Man: Sounds great.
25. What kind o f Eng lish textbook does the man decide to buy?
a. Writing b. Literature c. Poetry d. Sonnets
26. How much does the Po etry book co st?
a. Twenty-nine do llars b. Ten-dollars do llars c. Thirty-nine dollars d. Twenty- eight dollar s
27. Why do the students pur chase a po etry notebook?
a. Because they like poetry b. They are out of paper c. It is required d. It makes them feel special
28. How will the man pay for the textbook?
a. With a check b. With cash c. With a credit card d. With an exchange
29. What will the man probably do ?
a. Pay now b. Pay with a bill c. Go to another store d. Buy another textbook
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a wetlands ecology class. The professor is talking about sanderlings.
Urbanizatio n and coastal development has dramatically reduced the beach habitat
available for foraging sho rebirds wo rldwide. This study tested the general hypo thesis that recreational u se of shorebird foraging areas adversely affects the fo raging behavior o f sanderlings Calidris alba. Observations conducted on two central Califor nia beaches fro m January thr ough May and September through December of 1999 showed that number and activity of people significantly reduced the amount of time sanderlings spent foraging. Although the sample size was low, the most significant negative factor was the presence of free running dogs on the beach. The exper imentally determined minimal approach distance d id no t var y signif icantly with the type of human activities tested. Based on
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these results, policy reco mmendatio ns for minimizing the impact of human beach activities on foraging sho rebirds include: ( 1) people maintain a minimum distance of 30 m fro m areas where shorebirds concentrate and (2) strict enfor cement of leash laws
Fig. 1
A total of 492 focal birds were observed, of which a sander ling was disturbed by
passing humans on an average of one every 15 min with 96% of those sander lings responding to humans at a distance of 30 m or less (Fig. 1). Sanderlings responded to human activity by either running (42%) or flying (58%). Within the 1-min sampling time, the disturbed sander ling generally moved o nce (58%), with 42% moving more than once due to human disturbance.
30. What hypothesis d id this study test?
a. People maintain a min imum distance from where shorebirds congregate. b. Recreational use of shorebird forag ing areas co nversely affects the foraging
behavio r of sanderlings.
c. Recreational u se of shorebird foraging areas ad versely affects the forag ing
behavio r of sanderlings.
d. Recreational u se of shorebird foraging areas ad versely affects the forag ing
behavio r of sanderlings. 42% of shorebirds move due to human d isturbance.
31. What percent o f responding sanderling s were disturbed by passing humans at a distance o f 10 meters or less?
a. More than 70 percent b. More than 80 percent c. Less than 60 percent d. Less than 0 percent
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32. What are so me enviro nmentally sound results to co me from this study?
a. Enforcement of leash laws would be effective. b. Obser ve Calidris Alba daily. c. People should maintain a minimum distance of 30 meters from shorebirds. d. Coastal development has dramatically reduced the beach.
33. This experiment determined that the most significant negative factor to reduce the amount of time that sanderlings spent foraging was:
a. Humans passing once every 15 minutes. b. Humans disturbing the sand c. Sanderlings running or flying d. Fr ee running dogs
Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a graduate assistant in the marketing department. Man: May I help you? Wo man: Hello , My name is Rebecca Smith and I have an appo intment Monday at ten o’clo ck with Dr. Cudd. Man: Yes, ten on Mo nday. I see it here o n his planner. Wo man: Well, I was wondering if it would be possible to move my appointment until later in the afternoon on Monday. Man: I ’m sorr y, but Dr . Cudd is tied up in meetings all afternoon. Woman: Oh. Man: There is an appointment earlier that mo rning, if that would help you. Or yo u could see him Tuesday afterno on at two . Woman. No thanks. I’ll just rearrange my schedule.
34. Why did the woman go to the marketing department?
a. To change her appointment time b. To schedu le her appointment c. To cancel her appo intment d. To rearrange her class schedu le
35. What does the man say abo ut Dr. Cudd?
a. He will be out of town Monday b. He will be reschedu ling all Monday appo intments for Tuesday c. He is busy Monday after no on d. He is available Monday afternoon
36. What did the graduate assistant offer?
a. To give her an appointment Monday after no on b. To give her an appointment Tuesday at two, or earlier Monday c. To cancel her appo intment d. To give her an appointment next week
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37. What did the woman decide to do?
a. Make a new appointment b. Keep the original appo intment c. Go to the meeting with Dr. Cudd d. Go to another department
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a macro econo mics class. The professo r will be taking about the indicators business cycle.
Because the business cycle is related to aggregate economic activity, a popular
indicator of the business cycle in the U.S. is the Gross Domestic Product or GDP. The financial med ia generally considers two co nsecutive quarters of negative GDP growth to indicate a recession. Used as such, the GDP is a quick and simple indicator of economic co ntractions. Ho wever , the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) weighs GDP relatively low as a primar y business cycle indicato r because GDP is subject to frequent revisio n and it is r eported o nly on a quarter ly basis ( the business cycle is tracked on a mo nthly basis). The NBER relies primarily o n indicators such as the fo llowing:
• employment
• personal inco me
• industr ial production
Add itio nally, indicators such as manu facturing and trade sales are used as
measur es o f econo mic activity.
38. What is the main topic of this lecture?
a. Gross Domestic Product b. Indicators of the bu siness cycle c. Natio nal Bureau of Eco no mic Research d. Employment
39. Which of the fo llowing is used as a quick and simple indicator o f economic co ntractions?
a. Gross Domestic Product b. Emp lo yment c. Personal Income d. Industrial Production
40. What is used to ind icate a recession?
a. two co nsecutive quarters of negative growth b. two co nsecutive quarters of positive gro wth c. four nonconsecutive quarters o f negative growth d. four nonconsecutive quarters o f po sitive growth
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41. What is an ind icator that the NBER relies upon? Please choose two answers.
a. growth b. emp loyment c. product movement d. personal inco me
Narrator: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her professor. Emily: Thank you for letting me speak with you to day, Dr . Miller. I wo uld like to talk with you abo ut my semester average. Dr. Miller: I see. Emily: Well to be honest with you, I was upset when I saw my grade. I thought that it would have been better. Dr. Miller: Why is that? Emily: I got an A on my midterm project. Dr. Miller: I remember ho w good yours was. Emily: I received an A on my final exam, but I still received a B in your class. Dr. Miller: Your grades were ver y go od according to my grade book. Emily: Can you explain why I received a B instead of an A? Dr. Miller: Twenty percent of you grade was based on yo ur participation in the class discussio ns. Even though yo u always did well on yo u assignments, yo u never added your opinio ns or vo lu nteered in class. Emily: But I tried, I am just shy. Dr. Miller: I am sorr y Emily the syllabus states that everyone mu st participate in o rder to receive there fu ll grade for the class.
42. What event prompted this discussion?
a. Emily’s semester average b. Emily’s midterm project c. Emily’s final exam d. Emily’s particip atio n
43. Where is the conversation most likely o ccurr ing ?
a. Grocery store b. Dr. Miller’s office c. Emily’s office d. Swimming pool
44. What is the grade that Emily received on her final exam?
a. A b. B c. C d. D
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45. Why did Emily receive that grade in the co urse?
a. Dr. Miller did not like her b. She was late to class c. She never did her assignments d. She did not participate in the class discussio ns
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Section 2: Structure
This section is desig ned to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English.
1. The Eiffel To wer ___________ Par is, France.
a. land marks b. is land marked in c. is a landmar k in d. is in a landmark
2. Young deer _________.
a. are called fawns b. be fawns c. is fawns d. are fawns called
3. Not until a dog is several mo nths old does it begin to exhibit signs of
independence ___________.
a. it s mo ther fro m b. from mo ther c. to mo ther d. from it s mot he r
4. The Treasur y Depar tment a.is t ake a new look at regulatio ns limiting the b.nu mber
of interest that bank and c.savings, and loan associations d.can pay on depo sits.
5. a.Him should b.be careful with that vase because c. it i s ve ry old d.and extremely
fragi le.
6. The repair shop a.keep my cassette player for six weeks befor e b.returning it,
c. nevertheless, d.it still does not work properly.
7. To score a goal in so ccer you ________.
a. must k ick the ball b. must k icks the ball c. may kick them ball d. must k ick them balls
8. The obser vatio n deck at the Sears Tower _________ in Chicago.
a. is highest than any o ther one b. is highest than any other one c. is higher than any o ther o ne d. is higher that any other one
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9. If it _________ so cloudy, we wo uld plan o n having the fair o utside.
a. was b. was no t c. weren’t d. had not
10. At the 1984 Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, Gerald ine Ferraro
became the first wo man _________ for the vice pr esidency.
a. to being nominated b. to has been nominated c. to have been no minated d. to will be nominated
11. Pear l Buck, a.a recip ient of the Nobel Peace Pr ize b.for Literature in 1938 c.strove
to bring und erstanding and peace d.on everyo ne.
12. In most circumstances a.the person that owns the pr operty b.can claim the rights
c.as money made d.from dr illing oil on their property.
13. _______ choco late will give you a tummy ache.
a. Eat too mu ch b. Eating to much c. Eating too much d. Eating too many
14. If she ____________ to advance her clock one hour, she wouldn’t have been late
for work.
a. sho uld have r emembered b. co uld remembered c. remember ed d. would have remembered
15. It a.was o bvio us fro m his response in the press conference b.that the cand idate
c.prepare his answers d.well.
16. A dream about falling _________.
a. scary is b. is scary c. are scary d. very scar y is
17. George Washingto n _________first U. S. President.
a. was the b. became c. were the d. are the
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18. Amelia Earhart was _______________ to pilot her plane acro ss the Atlantic
Ocean.
a. the first and a wo man b. the first woman c. who the fir st woman d. the wo man who first
19. a.Cr awfish farming b.have been practiced in south Louisiana c.for many d. years. 20. The main pur pose a.of this class is to b.help you better understand the c.history of
there co untry, and how d.it c ame t o be.
21. ____________ a tree can be grown from a seedling.
a. That is generally believed b. Believed generally is c. Generally believed it is d. It is generally believed that
22. The White Rose Bridge, a.which close today, for b.resurfacing will not be c.open
for d.two months.
23. a.When I jo ined the staff b.of the newspaper, I c.were taught to write short,
powerful d.headlines.
24. a.Since the official school colors b.are red and white, c.all o f us d.has worn red and
white to the champ ionship game.
25. The poverty level in the United State is cur rently set __________________.
a. at 12,000 dollars o r less. b. as 12,000 dollars o r less. c. at 12,000 dollar s as less d. at 12,000 dollar or less.
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Section 3: Reading
This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand sho rt passages similar in topic and style to tho se that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. This section co ntains reading passages and questions about the passages.
Leo nardo da Vinci was born on Apr il 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy. He was the
illegitimate son o f Ser Piero , a Florentine notary and landlord, but lived o n the estate and
was treated as a legitimate son.
In 1483, Leonardo da Vinci drew the first model of a helico pter. It did not lo ok
very much like our moder n day “co pter,” but the idea of what it could do was about the
same.
Leonardo was an artist and sculptor. He was very interested in motion and
movement and tried to show it in his art. I n order to sho w movement, he found it help ful
to study the way thing s mo ved. One su bject he liked to study was birds and how they
flew. He spent many hours watching the birds and examining the str ucture of their
wings. He noticed how they cupped air with their wings and how the feathers helped
hold the air . Through these studies, Leo nardo began to understand ho w birds were able
to fly.
Lik e many o ther men, Leo nardo began to dream of the day when people wo uld be
able to fly. He designed a machine that used all the thing s he had learned abo ut flig ht,
and thus became the first model of a helicopter.
Poor Leo nardo had only one pr oblem, however. He had no way to give the
necessar y speed to his inventio n. Yo u see, moto rs had not yet been invented and speed
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was an impo rtant part o f the flying pr ocess. It would be ano ther four hundred years
before the eng ine was invented and another fifty years befo re it was put to the test in an
airp lane. Leonardo’s dream o f a helicopter finally came to pass in 1936.
The Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist, Leo nardo died on
May 2, 1519, and was buried in the cloister of San Fio rentino in Amboise.
1. What is the autho r’s main point?
a. The invention of the helicopter. b. Birds cup air with their wings and use feathers to help hold the air. c. An overview of one of Leonardo da Vinci’s many skills. d. Leo nardo da Vinci was born in 1452 and died in 1519.
2. The wor d pro blem in paragrap h five co uld best be replaced by the wo rd:
a. dilemma b. mistake c. danger d. pain
3. The word it in paragraph two refers to:
a. Leonardo da Vinci b. The first model helicopter c. 1483 d. motion and mo vement
4. Which paragraph explains why Leonardo ’s helico pter was not successful in his
lifetime:
a. paragraph 1 b. paragraph 2 c. paragraph 4 d. paragraph 5
5. The wor d illeg itimate in paragraph one is closest in meaning to:
a. against the law or illegal b. not in correct usage c. inco rrectly deduced; illogical d. born out of wedlock
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6. The fo llowing sentence wou ld best comp lete which paragraph? “Since then
peo ple have been living out Leo nardo’s dr eam of flying.”
a. paragraph 3 b. paragraph 4 c. paragraph 5 d. paragraph 2
7. What was the main problem with Leonardo ’s invention?
a. motors were not yet invented b. the birds lost their feathers c. he was illegitimate d. he couldn’t draw
8. The wo rd they in the third paragraph refers to:
a. the feathers b. the birds c. the studies d. the wings
9. In what year was the fir st helicopter flown
a. 1483 b. 1452 c. 1519 d. 1936
10. What two things did birds have that Leonardo da Vinci noticed helped them to
fly?
a. wings and beaks b. feathers and talons c. wings and feathers d. cups and feather s
11. The wor d thus in the fourth paragraph could best be replaced by:
a. Hence b. After c. Unsuitably d. Inappropr iately
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Glass fibers are extremely strong; for their weight, they are stronger than steel.
They are made by forcing molten g lass through tiny holes called spinnerets. As many as
four hundred spinnerets are placed to gether, and threads of glass much thinner than
human hairs are drawn off at great speed-miles of thread per minute. As they speed
alo ng, the threads are coated thinly with a type of g lue and twisted into a yarn.
The glass fibers are used with plastics to make boats and car bodies. They are also
woven into heavy clo th for window draperies and into strong belts for making tires
stronger.
A special kind of glass fiber is causing a revolution in commu nications. A sig nal
of lig ht can be made to travel along the fiber fo r very long distances. B y chang ing the
quality of the light, many messages can be sent at once along one strand of glass. New
office build ings are being “wired” with glass fibers as they are built. The g lass fibers will
be used to connect telephones and computers in ways that not long ago were either
impo ssible or too expensive.
Glass woo l traps air in a thick, light blanket of fiber s. This blanket is then put
into walls and ceilings to keep warm air in during the winter and coo l air in dur ing the
summer.
To make glass wool, mo lten glass is fed into a spinning dru m with many ho les in
it. As the glass threads stream out of the ho les, they are forced downward by a blast o f
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hot air and through a spray of glues. The threads are then further blown about to mix
them up as they fall in a thick mat o n a moving belt.
The glass we see thro ugh and drink out o f has many, many other uses besides the ones
described here.
12. What was the author’s main purpo se in wr iting the article?
a. To info rm you how special kinds of glass are made and used b. To persuade you to investigate the many uses of glass beyo nd those
mentioned in the article
c. To info rm you about the strength of glass fibers d. To info rm you that glue is used to hold strands o f g lass to gether
13. The wor d special in the second paragraph is closets in meaning to:
a. Distinct amo ng others of a k ind b. Add itio nal c. Commo n d. Species
14. Glass fibers are made by fo rcing mo lten g lass through:
a. Spinners b. Spiderets c. Spinnerets d. Spinets
15. The wor d changing in the seco nd paragraph could best be replaced by the word:
a. Alter ing b. Boring c. Bringing d. Doing
16. What are glass fibers woven into cloth fo r?
a. Draper ies b. Cars and boats c. Glasses d. Glue
17. The wor d fed in the fo urth paragraph means:
a. To give food to b. To minister to c. To support d. To supply
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18. The wor d they in the second sentence o f the first paragraph refers to:
a. Human hair b. Weight c. Glass fibers d. Yarn
19. The wor d it in the fourth paragraph refers to:
a. Molten g lass b. Glass woo l c. Spinning drum d. Holes
20. The fo llowing sentence wou ld best comp lete which par agraph? “This
impr ovement in techno lo gy is expected to continu e.”
a. Paragraph 1 b. Paragraph 2 c. Paragraph 3 d. Paragraph 4
21. A sig nal of what can be made to travel along fiber for very long distances?
a. Heat b. Wave c. Wool d. Light
22. The wor d spray in the fourth paragraph could best be replaced by the word:
a. Sho wer b. Blow c. Spit d. Fo rce
Fo r centuries, people have searched fo r a way to replace dead and decaying teeth
with comfortable false teeth. Many materials have been used to make a set o f false teeth.
The teeth themselves should be made fro m a hard and durable material. They shou ld be
secured to a soft material, making them easy to wear . In the last two decades, dentists
succeeded in making durable false teeth that are comfortable, too .
Two tho usand years ago, the Etr uscans made teeth out of animal bo ne and gold.
These materials were used-with var ying degrees of success-up to the 1700’s. When
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George Washington was president, ivory from animals such as elephants became a
popular material fo r false teeth. Doctor s and inventors also tried silver, peal, and agate,
but teeth made fro m these materials wer e very exp ensive. Perhaps the most successful
mater ial was porcelain, invented by a Frenchman abo ut two hundred years ago. White,
strong, and r esistant to decay, porcelain is still used today for mak ing single teeth.
Besides finding a material for the teeth, inventors also had to find a way to secure
them in a person’s mo uth. People tried wire, spr ings, and many k inds o f g lue to
accomplish this. In most cases, however, disco mfort and a likelihood o f the teeth falling
out plagued the person who wore them.
Aro und 1844, an American dentist named Horace Wells used laug hing gas to put
peo ple to sleep before wor king on their teeth. This inno vatio n made dental work a lot
less painfu l. Soon after, an inventor created the fir st fo rm of rubber. This was important
to dentistry because teeth could be attached to the rubber, and the rubber could be mo lded
to fit the shape of the mouth. With these two developments, dentist could work without
causing pain and could fit teeth mor e carefully. False teeth have beco me mor e available
and co mfortable since then, and dentists have co ntinued to impr ove the making and use
of false teeth.
23. What is the main topic of this passage?
a. Horace Wells b. False teeth c. Gold and bone d. The Etruscans
24
24. The word they in the first paragraph refers to:
a. Teeth b. Materials c. People d. Dentists
25. The wor d var ying in the second paragraph co ld best be replaced by the wo rd:
a. Constant b. Changeless c. Fluctuating d. Stable
26. Porcelain was invented after the first use o f:
a. Rubber for hold ing for holding teeth in place b. Laug hing gas c. Ivory for making teeth d. Electric drills
27. When d id Horace Wells begin using laughing gas?
a. 1700 b. Two-tho usand years ago c. 1834 d. 1844
28. The wor d besides in the third paragraph means:
a. In addition to b. Stand next to c. Anyway d. To gether
29. The wo rd them in the third paragr aph refer s to:
a. Teeth b. Inventors c. People d. Wire
30. When was rubber fo und to be a useful material for false teeth?
a. After laughing gas was used to put patients to sleep b. While George Washington was president c. Before a Frenchman invented por celain d. While the Etruscans were making teeth o f bone and gold
25
31. The fo llowing sentence wou ld best comp lete which par agraph? “It is
unimaginable what will co me next.”
a. Paragraph 1 b. Paragraph 2 c. Paragraph 3 d. Paragraph 4
32. The wor d mo lded in the fourth paragraph means:
a. Fo rmed into a shape b. To form an organic growth c. To ma ke a n orname nt d. The fitting of a shoe
33. The wor d resistant in the seco nd paragrap h could best be replaced by the word:
a. Prone b. Insu sceptible c. Hearty d. Sassy
The lens on a camera has only two tasks. First, it must gather in as much light as
possible in o rder to activate the sensitive chemicals on the film. Second, it must organize
the light rays so that they form a sharp image on the film. These may so und like simple
tasks, but they are not.
One of the sharpest lenses is merely a pinhole in a sheet of cardboard, metal,
plastic, or a similar material. If the pinhole is tiny enough, the image can be quite sharp,
but then very little light is admitted. For most purposes, even the most sensitive film
would take too lo ng to reco rd an image.
A glass lens is much better because it lets in much mor e lig ht and focuses it on the
film. Yet simp le glass lenses are sharpest only in their centers. As more o f the lens is
used, the image su ffers in sharpness.
26
One reason a simple lens can cause problems is that it is shaped like a section of a
sphere. Spherical lenses do not focus perfectly on flat film, so the image is slightly
disto rted, especially at the edges. Another reaso n is that the lens can act partly like a
prism. This means that some of the colors in the image will no t focus properly, and the
image will be fuzzy.
One so lutio n is to block off all but the sharp- fo cusing center of the lens. If you
block off the edges of the lens, ho wever, less lig ht will get to the film. Early lenses had
to compromise between shar pness and light-gathering power.
Very sharp lenses that admit as much light as po ssible can be bu ilt by making
them with several separate lenses, or elements. A multiple-element lens has from two to
nine separate lenses. Some elements are cemented together, and some have a gap
between them. Further more, the elements are often made o f d ifferent kinds of glass, each
with a different ability to bend light r ays. Some of the elements are there just for
co rrecting problems caused by the other elements! The results are worth it, though:
pictures can be taken in many different light conditio ns, and they have a sharpness you
can almost feel.
34. The word it in the first paragraph refers to:
a. Camera b. Lens c. Film d. Chemicals
27
35. The wor d distorted in the fourth paragraph means:
a. Out of a proper or natural relation b. Clean and in shape c. Purified, as one d. Proper
36. In what ways does an image suffer if too large an area of the spherical lens is
used?
a. The edges of the image beco me fuzzy
b. Too much lig ht is admitted c. Too little light is admitted d. Colors change
37. What is the main disadvantage o f a simple lens that is made sharp by using just
the center?
a. With less light-gathering power, the lens is utterly useless. b. With less lig ht-gathering power, the lens is useful only in br ig ht lig ht. c. With more light-gathering power, the lens is useful only in dim light. d. With more light-gathering power, the lens is utterly useless.
38. The wor d sharpest in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to:
a. Having clear fo rm and detail b. Terminating in an edge o r a point c. Intellectually penetrating; astute d. Having a thin edge or a fine point suitable for or capable o f cutting or
pier cing
39. The wor d it in the fourth paragraph refers to:
a. Glass lens b. Prism c. Simple lens a. Flat film
40. The wor d sensitive in the seco nd paragraph could best be replaced by the word:
a. Delicate b. Irritable c. Reactive d. Psychic
41. The wor d ability in the sixth paragraph co uld best be replaced by the wo rd:
a. Ignorance b. Weakness c. Ineptness d. Capacity
28
42. The meaning of the word solution as used in the fifth paragraph is closest in
meaning to:
a. A homogeneo us mixture of two or more substances, which may be so lids,
liqu ids, gases, or a combination of these
b. The answer to or dispositio n o f a problem c. The state of being d issolved d. Release; deliverance; discharge
43. What is the minimum number of lenses in multiple-element lens?
a. Nine b. Two c. Ninety-two d. Twenty- nine
44. The wor d fuzzy in the fourth paragraph means:
a. Clear b. Unclear c. Exact d. Precise
45. The wo rd admitted in the sixth paragraph is closest in meaning to :
a. To permit to enter b. To have room for; accommodate c. To grant to be real, valid, or true; acknowledge d. To make acknowledgment
29
Answer Key
Section 1: Listening Sectio n 2: Structure Section 3: Reading
1. a.
1. c.
1. a.
2. d.
2. a.
2. a.
3. b.
3. d.
3. b.
4. c.
4. a.
4. d.
5. c.
5. a.
5. d.
6. d.
6. a.
6. c.
7. b.
7. a.
7. a.
8. d.
8. c.
8. b.
9. a.
9. b.
9. d.
10. c.
10. c.
10. c.
11. b.
11. d.
11. a.
12. a.
12. c.
12. a.
13. b.
13. c.
13. a.
14. a.
14. d.
14. c.
15. c.
15. c.
15. a.
16. a.
16. b.
16. a.
17. a.
17. a.
17. d.
Listening Part B
18. b.
18. c.
18. d.
19. b.
19. c.
19. d.
20. c.
20. b.
20. b.
21. d.
21. d.
21. b.
22. a.
22. a.
22. a.
23. c.
23. b.
23. a.
24. d.
24. a.
24. c.
25. a.
25. c.
25. c.
26. c.
26. a.
27. d.
27. c.
28. a.
28. c.
29. a.
29. b.
30. a.
30. a.
31. d.
31. c.
32. a.
32. a.
33. b.
33. d.
34. b.
34. a.
35. a.
35. c.
36. a.
36. b.
37. b.
37. b.
38. a.
38. b.
39. c.
39. a.
40. a.
30
40. a.
41. d.
41. b. and d.
42. b.
42. a.
43. b.
43. b.
44. b.
44. a.
45. a.
45. d.
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